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An Essay on Crimes and Punishments

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01 - Introduction

Tác giả: Voltaire; Cesare Beccaria

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1
01 - Introduction
2
02 - Preface by the Translator of M.D. Voltaire's Commentary
3
03 - Chapter I - On the Origin of Punishments
4
04 - Chapter II - On the Right to Punish
5
05 - Chapter III - Consequences of the foregoing principles
6
06 - Chapter IV - Of the Interpretation of Laws
7
07 - Chapter V - Of the Obscurity of Laws
8
08 - Chapter VI - Of the Proportion between Crimes and Punishments
9
09 - Chapter VII - Of Estimating the Degree of Crimes
10
10 - Chapter VIII - Of the Division of Crimes
11
11 - Chapter IX - Of Honour
12
12 - Chapter X - Of Duelling
13
13 - Chapter XI - Of Crimes which Disturb Public Tranquillity
14
14 - Chapter XII - Of the Intent of Punishments
15
15 - Chapter XIII - Of the Credibility of Witnesses
16
16 - Chapter XIV - Of Evidence and the Proofs of a Crime, and of the Form of Judgment
17
17 - Chapter XV - Of Secret Accusation
18
18 - Chapter XVI - Of Torture
19
19 - Chapter XVII - Of Pecuniary Punishments
20
20 - Chapter XVIII - Of Oaths
21
21 - Chapter XIX - Of the Advantage of Immediate Punishment
22
22 - Chapter XX - Of Acts of Violence
23
23 - Chapter XXI - Of the Punishment of the Nobles
24
24 - Chapter XXII - Of Robbery
25
25 - Chapter XXIII - Of Infamy considered as a Punishment
26
26 - Chapter XXIV - Of Idleness
27
27 - Chapter XXV - Of Banishment and Confiscation
28
28 - Chapter XXVI - Of the Spirit of Family in States
29
29 - Chapter XXVII - Of the Mildness of Punishments
30
30 - Chapter XXVIII - Of the Punishment of Death
31
31 - Chapter XXIX - Of Imprisonment
32
32 - Chapter XXX - Of Prosecution and Prescription
33
33 - Chapter XXXI - Of Crimes of Difficult Proof
34
34 - Chapter XXXII - Of Suicide
35
35 - Chapter XXXIII - Of Smuggling
36
36 - Chapter XXXIV - Of Bankrupts
37
37 - Chapter XXXV - Of Sanctuaries
38
38 - Chapter XXXVI - Of Rewards for Apprehending or Killing Criminals
39
39 - Chapter XXXVII - Of Attempts, Acomplices and Pardon
40
40 - Chapter XXXVIII - Of Suggestive Interrogations
41
41 - Chapter XXXIX - Of a Peculiar Kind of Crimes
42
42 - Chapter XL - Of False Ideas of Utility
43
43 - Chapter XLI - Of the Means of Preventing Crimes
44
44 - Chapter XLII - Of the Sciences
45
45 - Chapter XLIII - Of Magistrates
46
46 - Chapter XLIV - Of Rewards
47
47 - Chapter XLV - Of Education
48
48 - Chapter XLVI - Of Pardons
49
49 - Chapter XLVII - Conclusion
50
50 - Commentary - Chapter I - The Circumstances that Occasioned this Commentary
51
51 - Commentary - Chapter II - Of Punishments
52
52 - Commentary - Chapter III - Of the Punishment of Heretics
53
53 - Commentary - Chapter IV - Of the Extirpation of Heresies
54
54 - Commentary - Chapter V - Of Blasphemy and Profanation
55
55 - Commentary - Chapter VI - Of the Indulgence of the Romans in Matters of Religion
56
56 - Commentary - Chapter VII - Of the Crime of Unlawful Preaching - Story of Anthony
57
57 - Commentary - Chapter VIII - The Story of Simon Morin
58
58 - Commentary - Chapter IX - Of Witches
59
59 - Commentary - Chapter X - Of Capital Punishment
60
60 - Commentary - Chapter XI - Of the Execution of Sentences
61
61 - Commentary - Chapter XII - Of Torture
62
62 - Commentary - Chapter XIII - Of Certain Sanguinary Tribunals
63
63 - Commentary - Chapter XIV - Of the Difference Between Political and Natural Laws
64
64 - Commentary - Chapter XV - Of the Crime of High Treason - Of Titus Oates and of the Death of Augustine de Thou
65
65 - Commentary - Chapter XVI - Of the Revealing of Crimes (Before Commission) by Religious Confession
66
66 - Commentary - Chapter XVII - Of Counterfeiting Money
67
67 - Commentary - Chapter XVIII - Of Domestic Theft
68
68 - Commentary - Chapter XIX - Of Suicide
69
69 - Commentary - Chapter XX - Of a Certain Species of Mutilation
70
70 - Commentary - Chapter XXI - Of the Confiscation Consequent upon all the Crimes which Have Been Mentioned
71
71 - Commentary - Chapter XXII - Of Criminal Proceedings, and of Some Other Forms of Procedure
72
72 - Commentary - Chapter XXIII - The Idea of a Reform Suggested