The Life of Jesus Critically Examined

001 - Introduction §1 Inevitable Rise of Different Modes of Explaning Sacred Histories

002 - Introduction §2 Different Explanations of Sacred Legends Among the Greeks

003 - Introduction §3 Allegorical Interpretations Among the Hebrews - Philo

004 - Introduction §4 Allegorical interpretations among the Christians - Origen

005 - Introduction §5 Transition to More Modern Times, Deists and Naturalists of the 17th and 18th Centuries, The Wolfenbüttel Fragmentist

006 - Introduction §6 Natural Mode of Explanation Adopted by the Rationalists. Eichhorn. Paulus

007 - Introduction §7 Moral Interpretation of Kant

008 - Introduction §8 Rise of the mythical mode of interpreting the sacred history, in reference first to the Old Testament

009 - Introduciton §9 The mythical mode of interpretation in reference to the New Testament

010 - Introduction §10 The notion of the mythus in its application to sacred histories not clearly apprehended by theologians

011 - Introduction §11 The application of the notion of the mythus too circumscribed

012 - Introduction §12 Opposition to the mythical view of the gospel history

013 - Introduction §13 The possibility of the existence of mythi in the New Testament considered in reference to the external evidences

014 - Introduction §14 The possibility of mythi in the New Testament considered on internal grounds

015 - Introduction §15 Definition of the evangelical mythus, and its distinctive characteristics

016 - Introduction §16 Criteria by which to distinguish the unhistorical in the Gospel narrative

017 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 1 - Annunciation and Birth of John the Baptist §17 Account given by Luke. Immediate, supernatural character of the representation

018 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 1 - Annunciation and Birth of John the Baptist §18 Natural explanation of the narrative

019 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 1 - Annunciation and Birth of John the Baptist §19 Mythical view of the narrative in its different stages

020 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 2 - Davidical Descent of Jesus, According to the Genealogical Tables of Matthew and Luke §20 The two genealogies of Jesus considered separately and irrespectively of one another

021 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 2 - Davidical Descent of Jesus, According to the Genealogical Tables of Matthew and Luke §21 Comparison of the two genealogies. Attempt to reconcile their contradictions

022 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 2 - Davidical Descent of Jesus, According to the Genealogical Tables of Matthew and Luke §22 The genealogies unhistorical

023 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §23 Sketch of the different canonical and apocryphal accounts

024 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §24 Disagreements of the canonical gospels in relation to the form of the annunciation

025 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §25 Import of the angel's message. Fulfilment of the prophecy of Isaiah

026 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §26 Jesus begotten of the Holy Ghost. Criticism of the orthodox opinion

027 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §27 Retrospect of the genealogies

028 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §28 Natural explanation of the history of the conception

029 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §29 History of the conception of Jesus viewed as mythus

030 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §30 Relation of Joseph to Mary. Brothers of Jesus

031 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 3 - Announcement of the Conception of Jesus. Its Supernatural Character. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth §31 Visit of Mary to Elizabeth

032 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §32 The census

033 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §33 Particular circumstances of the birth of Jesus. The circumcision

034 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §34 The Magi and their star. The flight into Egypt, and the murder of the children of Bethlehem. Criticism of the supranaturalistic view

035 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §35 Attempts at a natural explanation of the history of the Magi. Transition to the mythical explanation

036 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §36 The purely mythical explanation of the narrative concerning the magi, and of the events with which it is connected

038 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §38 The presentation of Jesus in the temple

039 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 4 - Birth and Earliest Events of the Life of Jesus §39 Retrospect. Difference between Matthew and Luke as to the original residence of the parents of Jesus

040 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 5 - The First Visit to the Temple, and the Education of Jesus §40 Jesus, when twelve years old, in the temple

041 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 5 - The First Visit to the Temple, and the Education of Jesus §41 This narrative also mythical

042 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 5 - The First Visit to the Temple, and the Education of Jesus §42 On the external life of Jesus up to the time of his public appearance

043 - Part 1 - History of the Birth and Childhood of Jesus, Chapter 5 - The First Visit to the Temple, and the Education of Jesus §43 The intellectual development of Jesus

044 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 1 - Relations Between Jesus and John the Baptist §44 Chronological relations between John and Jesus.

045 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 1 - Relations Between Jesus and John the Baptist §45 Appearance and design of the Baptist. His personal relations with Jesus.

046 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 1 - Relations Between Jesus and John the Baptist §46 Was Jesus acknowledged by John as the Messiah? and in what sense?

048 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 1 - Relations Between Jesus and John the Baptist §48 The execution of John the Baptist.

049 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §49 Why did Jesus receive baptism from John?

050 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §50 The scene at the baptism of Jesus considered as supernatural, and as natural.

051 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §51 An attempt at a criticism and mythical interpretation of the narratives.

052 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §52 Relation of the supernatural at the baptism of Jesus to the supernatural in his conception.

053 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §53 Place and time of the temptation of Jesus. Divergencies of the evangelists on this subject.

054 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §54 The history of the temptation conceived in the sense of the evangelists.

055 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §55 The temptation considered as a natural occurrence either internal or external, and also as a parable.

056 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 2 - Baptism and Temptation of Jesus §56 The history of the temptation as a mythus.

057 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 3 - Locality and Chronology of the Public Life of Jesus §57 Difference between the synoptical writers and John, as to the customary scene of the ministry of Jesus.

058 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 3 - Locality and Chronology of the Public Life of Jesus §58 The residence of Jesus at Capernaum.

059 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 3 - Locality and Chronology of the Public Life of Jesus §59 Divergencies of the Evangelists as to the chronology of the life of Jesus. Duration of his public ministry.

060 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 3 - Locality and Chronology of the Public Life of Jesus §60 The attempts at a chronological arrangement of the particular events in the public life of Jesus.

061 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §61 Jesus, the Son of Man.

062 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §62 How soon did Jesus conceive himself to be the Messiah, and find recognition as such from others?

063 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §63 Jesus, the Son of God.

064 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §64 The divine mission and authority of Jesus. His pre-existence.

065 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §65 The messianic plan of Jesus. Indications of a political element.

066 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §66 Data for the pure spirituality of the messianic plan of Jesus. Balance.

067 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §67 The relation of Jesus to the Mosaic law.

068 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §68 Scope of the messianic plan of Jesus. Relation to the Gentiles.

069 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 4 - Jesus as the Messiah §69 Relation of the messianic plan of Jesus to the Samaritans. His interview with the woman of Samaria.

070 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §70 Calling of the first companions of Jesus. Difference between the first two Evangelists and the fourth.

071 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §71 Peter's draught of fishes.

072 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §72 Calling of Matthew. Connexion of Jesus with the publicans.

073 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §73 The twelve apostles.

074 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §74 The twelve considered individually. The three or four most confidential disciples of Jesus.

075 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Disciples of Jesus §75 The rest of the twelve, and the seventy disciples.

076 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 6 - The Discourses of Jesus in the Three First Gospels §76 The Sermon on the Mount.

077 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 6 - The Discourses of Jesus in the Three First Gospels §77 Instructions to the twelve. Lamentations over the Galilean cities. Joy over the calling of the simple.

078 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 6 - The Discourses of Jesus in the Three First Gospels §78 The parables.

079 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 6 - The Discourses of Jesus in the Three First Gospels &sect79 Miscellaneous instructions and controversies of Jesus.

080 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 7 - Discourses of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel §80 Conversation of Jesus with Nicodemus.

081 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 7 - Discourses of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel §81 The discourses of Jesus, John v.-xii.

082 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 7 - Discourses of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel §82 Isolated maxims of Jesus, common to the fourth gospel and the synoptical ones.

083 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 7 - Discourses of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel §83 The modern discussions on the authenticity of the discourses in the Gospel of John. Result.

084 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §84 General comparison of the manner of narration that distinguishes the several Evangelists.

085 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §85 Isolated groups of anecdotes. Imputation of a league with Beelzebub, and demand of a sign.

086 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §86 Visit of the mother and brethren of Jesus. The woman who pronounces the mother of Jesus blessed.

087 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §87 Contentions for pre-eminence among the disciples. The love of Jesus for children.

088 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §88 The purification of the temple.

089 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §89 Narratives of the anointing of Jesus by a woman.

090 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 8 - Events in the Public Life of Jesus, Exclusive of the Miracles §90 The narratives of the woman taken in adultery, and of Mary and Martha.

091 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §91 Jesus considered as a worker of miracles.

092 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §92 The demoniacs, considered generally.

093 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §93 Cases of the expulsion of demons by Jesus, considered singly.

094 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §94 Cures of lepers.

095 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §95 Cures of the blind.

096 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §96 Cures of paralytics. Did Jesus regard diseases as punishments?

097 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §97 Involuntary cures.

098 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §98 Cures at a distance.

099 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §99 Cures on the sabbath.

100 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §100a Resuscitations of the dead.

101 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §100b Resuscitations of the dead.

102 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §101 Anecdotes having relation to the sea.

103 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §102 The miraculous multiplication of the loves and fishes.

104 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §103 Jesus turns water into wine.

105 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 9 - Miracles of Jesus §104 Jesus curses a barren fig-tree.

106 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §105 The transfiguration of Jesus considered as a miraculous external event.

107 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §106 The natural explanation of the narrative in various forms.

108 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §107 The history of the transfiguration considered as a mythus.

109 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §108 Diverging accounts concerning the last journey of Jesus to Jerusalem.

110 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §109 Divergencies of the gospels, in relation to the point from which Jesus made his entrance into Jerusalem.

111 - Part 2 - History of the Public Life of Jesus Chapter 10 - The Transfiguration of Jesus, and His Last Journey to Jerusalem §110 More particular circumstances of the entrance. Its object and historical reality.

118 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §117 Development of the relation of Jesus to his enemies.

119 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §118 Jesus and his betrayer.

121 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §120 Preparation for the Passover.

122 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §121 Divergent statements respecting the time of the last supper.

123 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §122 Divergencies in relation to the occurrences at the last meal of Jesus.

124 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §123 Announcement of the betrayal and the denial.

125 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 2 - Machinations of the Enemies of Jesus; Treachery of Judas; Last Supper with the Disciples §124 The institution of the Lord's supper.

126 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §125 Agony of Jesus in the garden.

128 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §127 Arrest of Jesus.

129 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §128 Examination of Jesus before the high priest.

130 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §129 The denial by Peter.

131 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §130 The death of the betrayer.

132 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §131 Jesus before Pilate and Herod.

133 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 3 - Retirement to the Mount of Olives, Arrest, Trial, Condemnation, and Crucifixion of Jesus §132 The crucifixion.

134 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §133 Prodigies attendant on the death of Jesus.

135 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §134 The wound by a spear in the side of Jesus.

136 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §135 Burial of Jesus.

137 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §136 The watch at the grave of Jesus.

138 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §137 First tidings of the resurrection.

139 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §138 Appearances of the risen Jesus in Galilee and in Judea, including those mentioned by Paul and by apocryphal writings.

140 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §139 Quality of the body and life of Jesus after the resurrection.

141 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 4 - Death and Resurrection of Jesus §140 Debates concerning the reality of the death and resurrection of Jesus.

142 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Ascension §141 The last commands and promises of Jesus.

143 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Ascension §142 The so-called ascension considered as a supernatural and as a natural event.

144 - Part 3 - History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Chapter 5 - The Ascension §143 Insufficiency of the narratives of the ascension. Mythical conception of those narratives.

145 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §144 Necessary transition from criticism to dogma.

146 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §145 The Christology of the orthodox system.

147 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §146 Objections to the Christology of the church.

148 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §147 The Christology of rationalism.

149 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §148 The eclectic Christology of Schleiermacher.

150 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §149 Christology interpreted symbolically. Kant. De Wette.

151 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §150 The speculative Christology.

152 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §151 Last dilemma.

153 - Concluding Dissertation - The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus §152 Relation of the critical and speculative theology to the church